Lifestyle risk factors for oral cancer request pdf. Unsupported risk factors include premenopausal obesity, exposure to lowdose ionizing radiation in midlife, high intake of phytoestrogens, electromagnetic fields, breast trauma, and the use of antiperspirants. Oral cancer risk factors in new zealand article pdf available in the new zealand medical journal 1451. Our dental team is trained and educated to identify oral cancer. Factors associated with cancer princeton university. Risk factors for oral cancer what are the risk factors for. Daughters of breast cancer patients have a higher risk of developing breast cancer than women without this family history, though many other factors affect the probability of the cancer occurring. Oral cancer is very dreadful disease that affects many people each year all over the world and it is eleventh most dominate cancer in the world. Oral cancer affects almost twice as many men as women. Risk factors for oral cancer e397 introduction head and neck cancers rank third in most common malig nancies encountered in both genders globally. The british dental association has adopted a definition of oral cancer largely based on common risk factors. Oct 12, 2015 the risk factors include the following. A subtype of head and neck cancers is oral cancer oc, which is described as a cancerous growth in the mouth 1. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer causes, risk factors.
Risk factors an estimated 25 percent of oral cancer patients have no known risk factors. Early detection of oral cancer obligations and opportunities. Aug 22, 2019 according to the american cancer society, around 50,000 people will develop cancer of the mouth or throat this year. Carcinoma of oral cavity causative and risk factors ecronicon. Oral malignancy or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc and major and minor salivary gland carcinomas is influenced by factors. According to the american cancer society, around 50,000 people will develop cancer of the mouth or throat this year. All forms of tobacco increase a persons risk of oral cancer. On average, 57 percent of those with the disease will survive more than five years. In fact, smokers are six times more likely to get an oral cancer than nonsmokers.
The overview of oral cancer and risk factors in bangladesh. Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Its estimated that 75 to 80 percent of those with oral cancer drink alcohol frequently. Things that increase your risk for oral cancer include using tobacco and heavy alcohol use. Risk factors and prevention strategies of oral cancer. Infectious and dietary risk factors of oral cancer. Oral cancer is divided into two categories those occurring in the oral cavity your lips, the inside of your lips and cheeks, teeth, gums, the front twothirds of your tongue and the floor and roof of your mouth and those occurring in the oropharynx middle region of the throat, including the tonsils and base of. Over 7,000 oral cancer related deaths are expected. In this study, the risk of oral cancer attributed to smoking 76% was higher than the risk attributed to alcohol consumption 55%.
In fact, oral cancer is three times more common than cervical cancer with men having twice the likelihood of oral cancer as women. For example, exposing skin to strong sunlight is a risk factor for skin cancer. An estimated 49,750 new cases of oral cancer will be diagnosed each year. Oral cancer oc, also known as oropharyngeal carcinoma, is the 8. If caught early, most forms of oral cancer are treatable. Globocan 2012 reports the global oral cancer incidence of 300,373 new oral cancer cases annually, contributing to 2. Top risk factors for oral cancer american dental association. The lymph glands in the neck are usually the first place where mouth cancer forms secondaries. The known risk factors for oral cancer, which commonly affects the tongue or lips, are smoking and other tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the world. Over the past 30 years, a series of authoritative reports issued by the u. Risk factors are something that makes chances for getting any disease. Alcohol consumption is the most prevalent risk factor in new zealand, followed by tobacco.
The high incidence of oral cancer is attributable largely to the habit of chewing betel nuts, tobacco, and pan a very common practice in south east asia there is good evidence that tobaccos in all forms and alcohol use, aging are the major risk factors in the development of oral cancer 9,10. Infectious and dietary risk factors of oral cancer request pdf. For cancers of the lip, exposure over a long period of time to ultraviolet light from the sun or from tanning beds increases risk. Cancers of the lip, tongue, gingiva, all of the oral. In the hivinfected patients with oral cancer common risk factors, use of tobacco and alcohol, are the probable explanatory factors among these patients but more data is needed for final conclusion.
Additionally, oral cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer in black men. Oral cancer risk factors linda m kaste, dds, ms, phd diplomate, american board of dental public health professor, university of illinois at chicago college of dentistry. Jun 05, 2002 the authors used data collected from 1995 to 1999, from an ongoing cancer casecontrol study in greater johannesburg, to estimate the importance of tobacco and alcohol consumption and other suspected risk factors with respect to cancer of the oesophagus 267 men and 8 women, lung 105 men and 41 women, oral cavity 87 men and 37 women. Risk factors for oesophageal, lung, oral and laryngeal. It is estimated that more than 40,000 people will be diagnosed with oral cancer this year. Tobacco and alcohol use are the most significant risk factors for developing oral cancer. Oral cancer is of major concern in southeast asia primarily because of the prevalent oral habits of betel quid chewing, smoking, and. The incidence of oral cancer and death rate has been declining since the late 1970s.
Stopping the use of all tobacco products is the most important thing a person can do to reduce the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer, even for people who have been using tobacco for many years. Nccn guidelines with nccn evidence blocks very advanced head and neck cancer about nccn evidence blocks nccn guidelines. Individuals with deeply pigmented skin have a lower risk of skin cancer induced by sunlight. Although oral cancer undoubtedly has a multifaceted etiology, tobacco use and alcohol consumption are widely considered to be its major risk factors. Risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers a risk factor is anything that changes a persons chance of getting a disease such as cancer.
Mouth cancer that spreads to another part of the body is known as metastatic oral cancer, which are often called secondaries. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer causes, risk factors, and prevention cancer. Risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Risk factors oral cancer is most common in people chewing tobacco in different forms like pipes, a cigar as well as in people who consume alcohol. With dietary deficiencies, these factors cause more than 90 percent of oral cancers. It includes cancer of the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, salivary glands, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, sinuses and pharynx. These cancers develop when abnormal cells that line the inside of the mouth or throat begin to grow out of control. Given the high prevalence of these two risk factors and their synergistic effect. This is probably due to a decrease in smoking and alcohol consumption, both of which are risk factors for the disease. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The effect of lifestyle factors, including tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol drinking, diet and dental care, on the risk of oral cancer was investigated in a casecontrol study conducted in rajah muthiah dental college and hospital, annamalainagar, annamalai.
Location of oral cancers differs in smokers, nonsmokers for. Alterations in oral bacterial communities are associated with risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Findings from this study will provide baseline information needed to inform future planning and intervention efforts in oral cancer prevention and early detection in iowa. During a comprehensive dental examination, our team will look for signs of oral cancer. Oral cancer is twice as prevalent in men as it is in women, and the average age at diagnosis is 62. For example, the two most common risk factors for breast cancer are being a woman and getting older. This article presents an overview of the main risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal cancers and their prevalence in new zealand. In addition, lifestyle factors like heavy drinking and tobacco use may contribute to a patients risk for developing oral cancer. Top 5 risk factors for oral cancer you know your dentist is looking for cavities during regular checkups, but you may not realize your dentist can check for cancer at the same time. Mar 20, 2015 it is estimated that more than 40,000 people will be diagnosed with oral cancer this year. Oral squamous cell carcinoma, the fifth most common cancer worldwide, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in india. Also, factors like aging, lifestyle preferences and drug consumption also pose risks for several diseases.
Oral cancer screening should be an integral part of a clinicians routine. Footnote 5 there were 1,108 deaths from oral cancer in canada in 2007. Its estimated that approximately 51,540 people will be diagnosed with oral cancer and cancers of the throat, tonsils and back of the tongue in 2018. Cancer in young patients part 2 oral cancers in lowrisk subjects. Risk factors for breast cancer in women iv other factors appeared to have a moderate level of increased risk rr 1. A risk factor is anything that changes a persons chance of getting a disease such as cancer. The usage of tobacco is the greatest risk factor of the oral cavity cancer which also includes the smokeless tobacco. Heavy, regular alcohol consumption is a risk factor for oral cancer. Other risk factors are being male, using marijuana, and having hpv infection. Mar 03, 2017 oral cancer risk factors in new zealand article pdf available in the new zealand medical journal 1451. Oral cancer is a type of head and neck cancer and is any cancerous tissue growth located in the. Infection caused by certain types of a common sexually transmitted virus called human papillomavirus hpv has also been linked to oral cancer of the throat. Oral cancer refers to cancers of the head and neck.
The risk of developing some cancers can be lowered by avoiding certain risk factors. About 90% of the oral cancer is developed because of the usage of the tobacco. Current scenario, intervention strategies and projections for 2015 60. It belongs to a larger group of cancers called head and neck cancers. The authors used data collected from 1995 to 1999, from an ongoing cancer casecontrol study in greater johannesburg, to estimate the importance of tobacco and alcohol consumption and other suspected risk factors with respect to cancer of the oesophagus 267 men and 8 women, lung 105 men and 41 women, oral cavity 87 men and 37 women. The likelihood of getting oral cancer and suffering its negative effects can be lessened. Study results show that oral cancers occurred on the lateral edge of tongue in 57 nonsmokers 66 percent compared with 107 smokersformer smokers 33 percent.
Net s types of cancer sections for more information about preventing specific types of cancer. Learn more about the risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngealcancer. The risk of oral cancer is reduced for former smokers and approaches that of a nonsmoker after many years. Cultural and dietary risk factors of oral cancer and. Oral cancer risk factors and diagnosis everyday health. Oral cancer risk factors national oral health conference. Twentyfive percent of oral cancer patients are nonsmokers and nondrinkers.
The risk of the squamous cell carcinoma depends on the number of the cigarettes smoked per day. Oral cancer prevention and control the approach of the world health organization. Oral health is very important part of human health and cannot lead good life without it. The development of oral cancer is a multistep process involving the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in key regulatory genes. The why behind this rapid and aberrant growth is linked to risk factors, like tobacco and alcohol use. Although not as significant as major risk factors, other risks factors can trigger oral andor lip cancer. Oral cancer starts in the cells that line the inside of the mouth, and can form on the lips, inside the cheeks, on the gums, the tongue, the bony palate, or the surfaces underneath the tongue.
Current scenario, intervention strategies and projections for 2015 59. For instance, smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer. Breast cancer is complex and likely caused by a combination of risk factors. Khalili department of therapeutic stomatology, national medical academy of postgraduate education, 01004 kiev, ukraine although oral cancer is rare and attracts little attention, it ranks 12th among all cancers and constitutes the most life threatening of all dental conditions.
Some factors you may be able to control like exercise. Several risk factors have been well characterized to be associated with oral cancer with substantial evidences. Oct 11, 2017 risk factors are something that makes chances for getting any disease. The average age at diagnosis was 60 years old for oropharyngeal cancer and almost 62 years old for mouth cancer. The questionnaire focused on the awarenessknowledge of oral cancer, earlyand common clinical signsand symptoms andassociated risk factors. Knowledge of risk factors for oral cancer among adult iowans. The literature search was carried out in ncbi pubmed database using keywords oral cancer, risk factor, epidemiology and patho. Assessment of risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Approximately 80 percent of patients with the condition use tobacco in some form, either chewed or smoked, and 70 percent drink excessively. The major wellestablished risk factors for oral cancer include tobacco, betel areca nut, alcohol and highrisk oncogenic human papilloma virus hpv 1618.
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